Чтение онлайн

follow-up actions.

* separate instructions by frequency of change, so for example, if not split installation

software and code, then when you change something in the code, then instead of using the ready-made

layer with programs, they will be reinstalled, which will entail significant preparation time

image that is critical for developers:

ADD ./app/package.json / app

RUN npm install

ADD ./app / app

Docker alternatives

** Rocket or rkt – containers for the CoreOS operating environment from RedHut, specially designed to use containers.

** Hyper-V is an environment for running Docker on the Windows operating system, which is a wrapper (lightweight virtual machine) of the container.

Docker has branched off its core components, which it uses as primitives, which have become standard components for implementing containers such as RKT, bundled into the containerd project:

* CRI-O – OpanSource project aimed from the beginning to fully support CRI (Container Runtime Interface) standards, github.com/opencontainers/runtime-spec/">Runtime Specification and github.com/opencontainers/image-spec">Image Specification as a general interface for the interaction of the orchestration system with containers. Along with Docker, support for CRI-O 1.0 has been added to Kubernetes (more on this) since version 1.7 in 2007, as well as MiniKube and Kubic. Has a CLI (Common Line Interface) implementation in the Pandom project, which almost completely repeats Docker commands, but without orchestration (Docker Swarm), which is the default tool in Linux Fedora.

* CRI (Kubernetes.io/blog/2016/12/container-runtime-interface-cri-in-Kubernetes/">Container Runtime Interface) – an environment for running containers, universally providing primitives (Executor, Supervisor, Metadata, Content, Snapshot , Events and Metrics) for working with Linux containers (process spaces, groups, etc.).

** CNI (Container Networking Interface) – work with the network.

Portainer

The simplest monitoring option would be Portainer:

essh @ kubernetes-master: ~ / microKubernetes $ cat << EOF> docker-compose.monitoring.yml

version: '2'

>

services:

portainer:

image: portainer / portainer

command: -H unix: ///var/run/Docker.sock

restart: always

ports:

– 9000: 9000

volumes:

– /var/run/Docker.sock:/var/run/Docker.sock

– ./portainer_data:/data

>

EOF

essh @ kubernetes-master: ~ / microKubernetes $ docker-compose -f docker-compose.monitoring.yml up -d

Monitoring with Prometheus

Monitoring – maintaining the continuity of work, tracking the current situation (identifying, localizing and sending about the incident, for example, in SaaS PagerDuty), predicting possible situations, visualization, building models for the normal operation of IAOps (Artificial Intelligence For It Operations, https: //www.gartner .com / en / information-technology / glossary / aiops-artificial-intelligence-operations).

Monitoring contains the following steps:

* identification of the incident;

* notification of the incident;

* localization;

* decision.

Monitoring can be classified by level into the following types:

* infrastructure (operating system, servers, Kubernetes, DBMS),;

* applied (application logs, traces, application events),;

* business processes (points in transactions, traces of transactions).

Monitoring can be classified according to the principle:

* distributed (traces),;

* synthetic (availability),;

* IAOps (forecasting, anomalies).

Monitoring is divided into two parts according to the degree of analysis: logging systems and incident investigation systems. An example of logging

serves as ELK stack, and incident investigation – Sentry (SaaS). For micro-services, a tracing system is also added.

requests such as Jeger or Zipkin. The logging system simply writes all the logs that are available.

The incident investigation system writes much more information, but writes it only in case of errors in the application, for example,

environment parameters, versions of installed packages, stack trace and so on, which allows you to get maximum information when viewing

by mistake, rather than collecting it piece by piece from the server and the GIT repository. But the set and format of information depends on the environment, therefore

the incident system needs to be integrated with various language platforms, and even better with specific frameworks. So Sentry

poisons environment variables, a piece of code and an indication of where the error occurred, parameters of the program and platform

environments, method calls.

Ecosystem monitoring can be divided into:

* Built into Cloud Cloud: Azure Monitoring, Amazon CloudWatch, Google Cloud Monitoring

* Provided as a service with support for various SaaS integrations: DataDog, NewRelic

* CloudNative: Prometheus

* For dedicated servers OnPremis: Zabbix

Zabbix was developed in 1998 and released to OpenSource under the GPL in 2001. At that time, the traditional interface:

without any design, with a lot of tabs, selectors and the like. Since it was developed for

own needs, it contains specific solutions. He is oriented

monitoring devices and their components such as disks, networks, printers, routers and the like. For

interactions can be used:

Agents – installed on servers, collecting many metrics and poisoning Zabbix server

HTTP – Zabbix makes requests over http, for example printers

SNMP – a network protocol for communicating with network devices

IPMI is a protocol for communicating with server devices such as routers

In 2019, Gratner presented a rating of monitoring systems in its square:

** Dynatrace;

** Cisco (AppDynamics);

** New Relic;

** Broadcom (CA Technologies);

** Riverbed and Microsoft;

** IBM;

** Oracle;

** SolarWinds;

** Micro Focus;

** ManageEngine and Tingyun.

Not included in the square:

** Correlsense;

** Datadog;

** Elastic;

** Honeycomb;

** Instant;

** Jennifer Soft;